01 - Preheat oven to 425 degrees Fahrenheit. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - Arrange trimmed asparagus spears in a single layer on the prepared baking sheet.
03 - Drizzle asparagus with olive oil, sprinkle with kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper, then toss gently until evenly coated.
04 - Roast for 12 to 15 minutes until asparagus is tender and slightly golden at the tips.
05 - Remove from oven and immediately sprinkle Parmesan cheese and lemon zest over hot asparagus, then squeeze fresh lemon juice evenly across.
06 - Transfer to a serving platter, garnish with fresh parsley if desired, and serve while warm.